Preface
After reading some books, journals about every kind of issues, novel, science fiction, poet, etc. In last 2 days i started to write every little things that i know about it.I wrote in my social media, my blog, or even in my electronic note. I cited every information even if the journal seems old enough for today. Because i think the information still needed to know. Even though i realize that this information just a little, like a single water drop in the middle of the ocean. I hope it will useful for others and everyone can shared their information about the issues.
Climate Change and Oil Industry : Oil Companies Strategies
In
2016, we know that oil companies has many problems which related with climate
change. They want to sell oil and gas
with highest price as possible. In glance, some oil companies like Shell,
ExxonMobil and Statoil reveals significant differences in their perceptions of
climate change. Oil companies have to please their clients, consumers and
employees. In the other side, they also have to has acknowledgement of the
prospective problem of a human-induced climate change, know their position with
regard to Kyoto Protocol, Their self-imposed targets and measures to reduce GHG
emissions rom their own operations, and the long-term implication of their
strategy. In addition to face the climate change, every oil companies must has
their own strategies, it’s usually known as climate strategies.
Specifically, we will discuss about climate
strategies in one of oil companies called ExxonMobil. ExxonMobil or Exxon
corporation started out as standart oil company in 1882 and now Exxon already
conduct business in gas, oil, coal, and chemicals in more than 200 countries. ExxonMobil
has 3 fundamental environmental policy. First, the company places a strong emphasis on
being in compliance with environmental laws and regulations. This
does not necessarily mean that ExxonMobil is less likely to implement
self-imposed environmental standards exceeding the level of ambition in
existing environmental laws. Second, the scientific basis of
environmental regulations is a central element for ExxonMobil. It is a stated
policy for the corporation to work with government and industry groups toThe
climate strategies of the oil industry develop environmental laws
and regulations that are ‘based on sound science’. Third, an important point
for ExxonMobil is that environmental policies and regulations should be
developed and reviewed with a view to the broader context of
environmental issues. In particular, policies should be seen in relation to the
economic dimensions of environmental protection measures, including a consideration
of risks, costs and benefits, and effects on energy and product supply. To ensure
that policy commitments are transformed into ‘appropriate’ action, Exxon
developed its Operations Integrity Management System (OIMS) in the early 1990s.
Through
his newsletter, (Flannery, 1999) said
that ExxonMobil thus opposes the Kyoto Protocol as a ‘premature international
initiative’ that has ‘the potential to cause economic harm for most nations,
severely impacting some, while doing very little to influence the climate’. There
are three main arguments underlie ExxonMobil’s opposition to the Protocol:
1 It is too
expensive. ExxonMobil presents an economic analysis that shows that the
targeted reduction in fossil-fuel use would mean a 45 per cent increase in
petroleum prices and cost an average American family of four about US$2,700 a
year. It is maintained that some developed countries probably would have to
impose ‘significantly higher fossil fuel taxes, rationing, or lifestyle changes
such as mandatory car-pooling’.
2 It is
unfair. The company maintains that projections show that developing
countries, including China, Mexico, Brazil and India, will account for almost
70 per cent of total carbon emissions growth from 1990 to 2025. These countries
are not included in the Kyoto agreement. This, ExxonMobil maintains, ‘raises
the question of whether that agreement is fair’.
3 It will
not work. The company maintains that the warming projected by 2100 would
be delayed by only some 10 years as an effect of the Kyoto Protocol and that ‘far
more onerous emissions reductions would be necessary if climate change proves
to be serious’.
1. Skjaerseth,
J.B. 2003. Climate Change and Oil Strategies. Manchester University Press.
Manchester: Palgrave
2. Flannery,
B. P. (1999), ‘Global climate change’, International Association for Energy
Economics, Newsletter, Third Quarter, 4–10
3. Ghobadian
A., Viney, H., Liu, J. and James, P. (1998), ‘Extending linear approaches to
mapping corporate environmental behaviour’, Business Strategy
and the Environment, 7, 13–23.
4. Gleckman,
H. (1995), ‘Transnational corporations’ strategic responses to “sustainable
development”’, Green Globe Yearbook, Oxford, Fridtjof Nansen Institute and Oxford
University Press.
To be continued...
