Today
was the first day of biochemistry course. It was our first meeting for the
lecture after a long holiday. The first lecture preceded with the course
contract as usual. The class begin on 07.30 AM and the lecturer was Mr. Endrik
who recently completed his abroad course in Europe for several years.
The lecture material
of today is an Enzyme and some Introduction about Biochemistry. I will write down
about the today's course and every little thing about enzyme which I have
learned today. Anyway, just like another student, I supposed to study independently, right?. So I will try to adding some material that I
had learned by myself. Sorry if my knowledge is less than your expectation. I'm
only trying to sharing it with everyone and I'm also still at learning
stage.
Welcome back to Campus~
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| Marine Biology's Queenbee 'Rosalia Destika'. She is so beautiful, right? Haha ! Okaaaay that's enough. |
First
thing that I have learned today is about "What is Biochemistry".
Biochemistry is any biological processes at a chemical level. For the next
point I will presenting it in such a point form.
Enzyme structure
Well, enzyme have an abstract shape, it means that it can't draw exactly. But the scientist have interpreted it with some shape consist of active side, monomer (since it was protein so it must be a polymer) and a substrate.
Enzyme is Always attack the substrate
That' s why enzyme have a spesific character. The functional groups of the enzyme always attack a specific substrate. Some example; If I have a Laccase enzyme, it won't attack a random substrate. Meanwhile, it will attack some substrate that it compatible with the Laccase functional groups. Like a Lignin or any substrate that have fenolic functional group.
Enzyme performance
Enzyme performance is affected by temperature, substrate, inhibitor, pressure, and pH. First, we talk about the temperature. Enzyme was a protein, so overhigh temperature which applied on the protein will effect the denaturation of the protein. Denaturation means that it will lose secondary and tertiary structures. Not only by the overhigh temperature but also happened if there is any eksternal pressure, concentrated anorganic salt and strong level of salt and base (pH). The second is substrate, substrate was a part which must be linked by the enzyme. It will affect the enzyme performance, the increase of substrate concentrate will increase the enzyme performance. In modern era, Enzyme can be use continually, But the enzyme must on immobilize stage in order to make it can be controlled. There are 3 ways to make an enzyme immobilized; Encapsulation, crosslinking and physical-chemical combine. Another factors are inhibitor, pressure and pH.
What thing(s) that make an enzyme specific?
Stereo-specifity
The ability of an analytical method for measuring the target analytes precisely and specifically in the presence of other components in the sample matrix such as the disturbing, synthetic precursors, degradation products, and matrix components.
Enzyme structure
Well, enzyme have an abstract shape, it means that it can't draw exactly. But the scientist have interpreted it with some shape consist of active side, monomer (since it was protein so it must be a polymer) and a substrate.
Enzyme is Always attack the substrate
That' s why enzyme have a spesific character. The functional groups of the enzyme always attack a specific substrate. Some example; If I have a Laccase enzyme, it won't attack a random substrate. Meanwhile, it will attack some substrate that it compatible with the Laccase functional groups. Like a Lignin or any substrate that have fenolic functional group.
Enzyme performance
Enzyme performance is affected by temperature, substrate, inhibitor, pressure, and pH. First, we talk about the temperature. Enzyme was a protein, so overhigh temperature which applied on the protein will effect the denaturation of the protein. Denaturation means that it will lose secondary and tertiary structures. Not only by the overhigh temperature but also happened if there is any eksternal pressure, concentrated anorganic salt and strong level of salt and base (pH). The second is substrate, substrate was a part which must be linked by the enzyme. It will affect the enzyme performance, the increase of substrate concentrate will increase the enzyme performance. In modern era, Enzyme can be use continually, But the enzyme must on immobilize stage in order to make it can be controlled. There are 3 ways to make an enzyme immobilized; Encapsulation, crosslinking and physical-chemical combine. Another factors are inhibitor, pressure and pH.
What thing(s) that make an enzyme specific?
Stereo-specifity
The ability of an analytical method for measuring the target analytes precisely and specifically in the presence of other components in the sample matrix such as the disturbing, synthetic precursors, degradation products, and matrix components.
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| Sn 1 reaction |
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| Sn 2 reaction |
Regio-selectivity
An ability to choose to be reacting one of the same functional group in one molecule. example keton asymmetric, which has two C alpha atoms that can act as a nucleophile.
An ability to choose to be reacting one of the same functional group in one molecule. example keton asymmetric, which has two C alpha atoms that can act as a nucleophile.
Kemo-selectivity
An ability to choose the one of 2,3 or more functional groups in one molecule in order to put the choosen functional group in the reaction.For the example ; some of functional group in a carbonil compound which can used to be an electrophile or a nucleophile.
An ability to choose the one of 2,3 or more functional groups in one molecule in order to put the choosen functional group in the reaction.For the example ; some of functional group in a carbonil compound which can used to be an electrophile or a nucleophile.
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Enzyme Nomenclature
You need some if you want to naming an enzyme. There is a rule which has been constructed to regulate the naming of an enzyme. Basically, the name of the enzyme is based on the name of the substrate or the reaction which catalyzed. Commonly, there is 6 classification for naming an enzyme.
1. Oxydereductase : naming an enzyme which catalyze oxidation-reduction reaction.
2. Transferase : naming an enzyme which catalyze transfer of functional groups reaction.
3. Hydrolase : naming an enzyme which catalyze hydrolytic reaction.
4. Liase : naming an enzyme which catalyze another reaction except hydrolytic reaction.
5. Isomerase : naming an enzyme which catalyze isomerization of single molecule.
6. Ligase : naming an enzyme which catalyze merging molecule with covalent bond.
in detail, the enzyme nomenclature can be seen in here
Okay that's enough. Can't wait until next week course. Sorry for my bad english.
Thank you for reading my article(s). See yaa !
